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At the Kyoto conference on global warming in December 1997，it became abundantly clear how complex it has become to work out international agreements relating to the environment because of economic concerns unique to each country. It is no longer enough to try to forbid certain activities or to reduce emissions of certain substances. The global challenges of the interlink between the environment and development increasing bring us to the core of the economic life of states. During the late 1980s we were able，through international agreements，to make deep cuts in emissions harmful to the ozone layer. These reductions were made possible because substitutions had been found for many of the harmful chemicals and，more important，because the harmful substances could be replaced without negative effects on employment and the economies of states.

Although the threat of global warming has been known to the world for decades and all countries and leaders agree that we need to deal with the problem，we also know that the effects of measures，especially harsh measures taken in some countries，would be nullified(抵消)if other countries do not control their emissions. Whereas the UN team on climate change has found that the emissions of carbon dioxide would have to be cut globally by 60% to stabilize the content of CO，in the atmosphere，this path is not feasible for several reasons. Such deep cuts would cause a breakdown of the world economy. Important and populous(人口眾多的)low-or medium-income countries are not yet willing to undertake legal commitments about their energy uses. In addition，the state of world technology would not yet permit us to make such a big leap.

We must，however，find a solution to the threat of global warming early in the 21st century. Such a commitment would require a degree of shared vision and common responsibilities new to humanity. Success lies in the force of imaginations，in imagining what would happen if we fail to act. Although many living in cold regions would welcome the global-warming effect of a warmer summer，few would cheer the arrival of the subsequent tropical diseases，especially where there had been none.

51. The main purpose of this passage is to .

A. analyze the problem of global warming

B. argue against making deep cuts in emissions

C. convince people that global warming is a real threat

D. criticize some countries for refusing to cut down emissions harmful to the ozone layer

52. The reason why it is difficult to get rid of the threat of global warming is that .

A. not all the countries are willing to make deep cuts in emissions

B. many people welcome the global-warming effect of a warmer summer

C. the leaders of many countries are not fully aware of the gravity of the problem

D. world technology is not able to solve the problem

53. In the passage the author implies that .

A. the world has recently become aware of the threat of global warming

B. the problem of global warming has largely been solved

C. it is always difficult to work out international agreements to cut down emission harmful to the ozone layer

D. it is no longer easy to reach international agreements relating to the environment

54. According to the author，it is impossible at present to cut 60% of carbon dioxide emissions globally because .

A. some people are irresponsible

B. it would cause a collapse of the world economy

C. it is only a goal to be reached in the future

D. some people are lacking in imagination

55. What should all countries do to help solve the problem of global warming?

A. They should hold another world conference on climate change.

B. They should provide advanced technology.

C. They should replace all the harmful substances.

D. They should willingly undertake legal commitments about their energy uses.

答案解析：

1997年12月在東京召開了關于全球變暖的會議，很明顯：制定與環(huán)境有關的國際協(xié)議已經(jīng)變得相當復雜，是因為各個國家獨特的經(jīng)濟因素。試圖禁止某些活動或削減某些物質(zhì)排放的做法已經(jīng)遠遠不夠了。環(huán)境與發(fā)展相互聯(lián)合的全球性挑戰(zhàn)逐漸把我們帶到國家經(jīng)濟生活的核心上來。20世紀80年代末，我們可以通過國際協(xié)議大幅度削減有害物質(zhì)向臭氧層的排放。我們之所以能夠削減，是因為許多可以替代有害化學物的東西已經(jīng)被發(fā)現(xiàn)，更重要的是，有害物質(zhì)可以被代替而且不會給各國的就業(yè)和經(jīng)濟帶來負作用。

盡管人們知道全球變暖的威脅已有幾十年，而且所有的國家和領導人都贊同我們需要處理這個問題，但是，我們也知道，如果其他國家不控制他們的有害物質(zhì)排放，采取的措施，尤其是一些國家采取的緊急措施將會被抵消。雖然聯(lián)合國氣候變化小組發(fā)現(xiàn)：為了穩(wěn)定大氣一氧化碳的含量，全球二氧化碳的排放量必須減少60%，但是，由于一些原因顯示這種做法不切實際。這樣大幅度地削減將引起世界經(jīng)濟的崩潰。那些重要的、人口眾多的中低收入的國家不愿意對自己的能源消耗承擔法律義務。另外，世界技術水平還不允許我們做如此大的改進。

當然，我們必須在21世紀早期找到對付全球變暖威脅的解決方案。這樣的義務要求人們達成一定程度的共識，承擔共同的新責任。成功取決于想象力，取決于“如果我們不這樣做會發(fā)生什么”。盡管生活在寒帶的許多人會歡迎由于全球變暖導致的更溫暖的夏天，但是，很少有人會喜歡隨之而來的熱帶疾病，尤其是那些從未有過這些疾病的地區(qū)的人們。

51. 【正確答案】A

【考點類型】主旨判斷

【解析過程】文章的主要目的是 。

A. 分析全球變暖的問題

B. 反對大幅度減少釋放物

C. 使人們相信全球變暖確實是一個威脅

D. 批評一些國家拒絕減少危害臭氧層的釋放物

線索1：文章的第1段提到“At the Kyoto conference on global warming in December 1997.”

線索2：文章的第3段提到“We must，however，find a solution to the threat of global warming early in the 21st century.”表明選項A應該是正確答案。

【考點提示】本文是一篇問題解決型的文章，文章的結構是提出問題，分析問題產(chǎn)生的原因，給出解決問題的辦法，對辦法進行評價。本文提出的問題是“全球變暖”，之后提出了解決辦法，但因為經(jīng)濟的原因，解決方法并沒有得到徹底的貫徹，對此作者作了詳細的分析。所以，本文的主題應該是分析全球變暖問題。

52. 【正確答案】A

【考點類型】細節(jié)判斷

【解析過程】擺脫全球變暖威脅很困難的原因是 。

A. 并不是所有的國家都愿意大量減少釋放物

B. 許多人歡迎一個更熱夏天的全球變暖影響

C. 許多國家的領導者并不完全明白這個問題的嚴重性

D. 全世界的科技不能夠解決這個問題

線索：文章的第2段提到“Important and populous(人口眾多的)low-or medium- income countries are not yet willing to undertake legal commitments about their energy uses.”表明選項A是正確答案。

B選項在原文的第3段提到“Although many living in cold regions would welcome the global-warming effect of a warmer summe...”原文的寒冷區(qū)域在選項中沒有出現(xiàn)，所以該選項不正確，犯了擴大范圍的錯誤。

C選項和原文的內(nèi)容相反“Although the threat of global warming has been known to the world for decades and all countries and leaders agree that we need to deal with the problem.”

D選項和原文的內(nèi)容不符合“In addition，the state of world technology would not yet permit us to make such a big leap.”并沒有說技術不能解決該問題。

【考點提示】根據(jù)常識判斷有的時候比較容易判斷出選項的對與錯。比如該題的選項A是比較容易選中的，內(nèi)容上比較概括，語氣比較婉轉，和文章的中心非常貼近，這些都是正確選項的典型特征。選項B從常識的判斷就不太可能是正確的答案。不太可能許多人歡迎全球變暖的事實，這和文章的中心是截然相反。

53. 【正確答案】D

【考點類型】文章推斷

【解析過程】文章的作者暗示 。

A. 全世界最近意識到了全球變暖的威脅

B. 全球變暖的問題在很大程度上已經(jīng)被解決

C. 總是很難能夠在減少危害臭氧層釋放物的世界公約上達成一致

D. 再也不容易達成和環(huán)境有關的世界公約

線索：文章的第1段的前幾句話明確地表達了作者的觀點，現(xiàn)在達成和保護環(huán)境有關的世界公約非常不容易。第1段的后半部分表達了在20世紀80年代，這種協(xié)議和措施是比較容易貫徹的，所以選項D是正確答案。選項C的“總是”太絕對化了，所以不正確。選項A和原文第2段的第1句話不符合，全世界數(shù)十年前就已經(jīng)認識到了這個問題。選項B顯然和原文的內(nèi)容相反。

【考點提示】推斷題是一種�？嫉念}型。標志：learn，infer，imply，inform.

(1) 看是否可以通過題干返回原文或依據(jù)選項返回原文。一般要圍繞文中的一兩個重點進行推理。推理題無論通過題干能不能定位，我們都要把它固化到文章的一兩點上。

(2) 依據(jù)原文的意思進行三錯一對的判斷。先不要進行推理，若有一個選項跟原文的意思一模一樣，則該選項可能是正確答案。推理題不是考查我們的想象力，它實際是考查我們對原文中的某幾個點如一個、兩個點所涉及的問題是否讀透。因此，不推的比推的好;推得近的比推得遠的要好。

54. 【正確答案】B

【考點類型】因果關系

【解析過程】根據(jù)作者表達，目前不可能在全球范圍減少60%的二氧化碳釋放物，因為 。

A. 一些人不負責任

B. 這些導致經(jīng)濟崩潰

C. 僅是未來要達到的一個目標

D. 一些人缺乏想象力

線索：文章的第2段提到“Such deep cuts would cause a breakdown of the world economy.”表明是因為經(jīng)濟原因，所以選項B是正確答案。

55. 【正確答案】D

【考點類型】細節(jié)判斷

【解析過程】所有國家應該做些什么以幫助解決全球變暖的問題?

A. 他們應該再召開一屆全球氣候變化會議。

B. 他們應該提供高科技。

C. 他們應該替代所有的有害物質(zhì)。

D. 他們應該承擔對于他們能源使用的法律承諾。

線索：文章的第2段提到“Important and populous(人口眾多的)low-or medium-income countries are not yet willing to undertake legal commitments about their energy uses.”所以，解決全球變暖的問題需要全部國家在法律上做出承諾。

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