2021年在職研究生考研英語(yǔ)一考試已經(jīng)結(jié)束，為了讓大家及時(shí)了解考試情況，本文由老師為大家整理了2021年考研英語(yǔ)一真題及答案以供大家核對(duì)。

　　Part B

　　Directions:

　　The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-G and filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs C and F have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

　　A.Stay calm.

　　B.Stay humble.

　　C.Decide whether to wait

　　D.Be realistic about the risks.

　　E.Don't make judgements.

　　F.Identify a shared goal.

　　G.Ask permission to disagree.

　　How to disagree with someone more powerful than you

　　Your boss proposes a new initiative you think won't work. Your senior colleague outlines a project timeline you believe is unrealistic.What do you see when you disagree with someone who has more power than you do? How do you decide whether it's worth speaking up? And if you do, what exactly should you say? Here's how to disagree with someone more powerful than you.

　　41.

　　You may decide it's best to hold off on voicing your opinion. Maybe you haven't finished thinking the problem through, or you want to get a clearer sense of what the group thinks. If you think other people are going to disagree, too, you might want to gather your army first. People can contribute experience or information to your thinking 一 all the things that would make the disagreement stronger or more valid. It's also a good idea to delay the conversation if you are in ameeting or other public space. Discussing the issue in private will make the powerful person feel less threatened.

　　42.

　　Before you share your thoughts, think about what the powerful person cares about 一 it may be the credibility of their team or getting a project done on time. You're more likely to be heard if you can connect your disagreement to a higher purpose. State it overtly, contextualizing your statements so that you' re seen not as a disagreeable subordinate but as a colleague who's trying toadvance a common objective. The discussion will then become more like a chess game than a boxing match.

　　43.

　　This step may sound overly deferential, but it's a smart way to give the powerful person psychological safety and control. You can see something like, “I know we seem to be moving toward a first quarter commitment here. I have reasons to think that won't work. I'd like to layout my reasoning- Would that be OK?" This gives the person a choice, allowing him to verbally opt in.And, assuming he says yes, it will make you feel more confident about voicing your disagreement.

　　44.

　　You might feel your heart racing or your face turning red, but do whatever you can to remain natural in both your words and actions. When your body language communicates reluctance or anxiety, it undercuts the message. It sends a mixed message, and your counterpart gels to choose what signals to read. Deep breaths can help, a can speaking more slowly and deliberately. When wefeelpanicky,wetendtotalklouderandfaster.Simplyslowingthepaceandtalkinginaneven tone helps the other person cool down and does the same for you. It also makes youseemconfident, even if you aren't.

　　Emphasize that you're only offering your opinion, not gospel truth. It may be a well-informed, well-researched opinion, but it's still an opinion, so talk tentatively and slightly understate your confidence. Instead of saying,“If we set an end of quarter deadline, we will never make it" say, "This is just my opinion, but I don't see how we will make that deadline." Having asserted your opinion (as a position, not as a fact), demonstrate equal curiosity about other views. Remind the person that this is your point of view, and then invite critique. Be open to hearing other opinions.

　　參考答案：

　　43.[C]Decide whether to wait

　　42.[F] Identify a shared goal

　　43.[G]Ask permission to disagree

　　44.[A] Stay calm

　　45.[B] Stay humble

　　Part C

　　46.Directions:

　　Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSIWER SHIEET.(15 points)

　　We tend to think that friends and family members are our biggest sources of connection, laughter, and warmth. While that may well be true, researchers have also recently found that interacting with strangers actually brings a boost in mood and feelings of belonging that we didn't expect.

　　In one series of studies, researchers instructed Chicago -area commuters using public transportation to strike up a conversation with someone near them. On average, participants who followed this instruction felt better than those who had been told to stand or sit in silence. The researchers also argued that when we shy away from casual interactions with strangers, it is often due to a misplaced anxiety that they might not want to talk to us. Much of the time, however, this belief is false. As it tums out, many people are actually perfectly willing to talk and may even be flattered to receive your attention.

　　參考譯文：

　　我們傾向于認(rèn)為朋友和家人是我們關(guān)系、歡樂(lè)和溫暖的最大來(lái)源。盡管這一說(shuō)法很大程 度上是對(duì)的，但是研究者們最近也發(fā)現(xiàn)，與陌生人交流實(shí)際上也會(huì)帶來(lái)我們意料之外的情緒 高漲和歸屬感。

　　在一系列的研究中，研究者們通知芝加哥地區(qū)乘用公共交通的通勤者開(kāi)始一段和周?chē)��?的交流。一般來(lái)講，得到通知的參加者們比要求安靜站著或坐著的人們感覺(jué)更好。同時(shí)，研 究者們也認(rèn)為我們羞于和陌生人隨意交流時(shí)，經(jīng)常是因?yàn)橐环N錯(cuò)位的恐慌，即他們可能并不 像和我們聊天。

　　但是，很多時(shí)候，這種觀念是錯(cuò)誤的。正如結(jié)果證實(shí)，很多人實(shí)際上非常愿 意去開(kāi)始一段談話，甚至可能很開(kāi)心得到你的注意。

　　考題文章總詞數(shù) 150 詞，共 2 段，7 句話。題目難度適中，題材常規(guī)，符合英語(yǔ)二翻譯歷年的考題規(guī)律。相似題材的文章曾經(jīng)考過(guò)，如 2020 年“失敗”這篇文章�？碱}貼近生活， 總體難度較低，考生可從容應(yīng)對(duì)，下面進(jìn)行解析。

　　難句剖析

　　1.【原文】Whilethatmaywellbetrue, researchershavealsorecentlyfound thatinteractingwith strangers actually brings a boost in mood and feelings of belonging that we didn't

　　【分析】本句話為首段的較難句，while引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，主干當(dāng)中賓語(yǔ)為從句，that 從句作為定于修飾 aboostinmood和 feelingsofbelonging。首先需要確定 while的詞義，這句話根據(jù)語(yǔ)義表示讓步，譯為“盡管”，另外就是賓語(yǔ)從句中 and并列，翻譯的時(shí)候要注意that從句的處理，容易出現(xiàn)邏輯問(wèn)題。

　　【譯文】盡管這一說(shuō)法很大程度上是對(duì)的，但是研究者們最近也發(fā)現(xiàn)，與陌生人交流實(shí)際上也會(huì)帶來(lái)我們意想不到的情緒高漲和歸屬感。

　　2.【原文】Inoneseriesofstudies,researchersinstructedChicago-areacommutersusingpublic transportation to strike up a conversation with someone near them. 【分析】本句話主干為 researchers instructed commuters to strike up a conversation...。其中， using public transportation 做 commuters 的后置定語(yǔ)，strike up 指“開(kāi)始;結(jié)交”。

　　【譯文】在一系列的研究中，研究者們通知芝加哥地區(qū)乘用公共交通的通勤者開(kāi)始一段和 周?chē)�人的交流�?/p>

　　3.【原文】Onaverage,participantswhofollowedthisinstructionfeltbetterthanthosewhohad been told to stand or sit in silence.

　　【分析】本句的主干為“participants felt better than those”，主語(yǔ)和 than 后面的賓語(yǔ)都由定語(yǔ)從句修飾。翻譯時(shí)順序進(jìn)行即可。

　　【譯文】一般來(lái)講，得到通知的參加者們比要求安靜站著或坐著的人們感覺(jué)更好。

　　4.【原文】Theresearchersalsoarguedthatwhenweshyawayfromcasualinteractionswith strangers, it is often due to a misplaced anxiety that they might not want to talk to

　　【分析】句子主干為“The researchers also argued that...”，賓語(yǔ)從句當(dāng)中又包含一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。本句考點(diǎn)之一在于從句處理，賓語(yǔ)從句順序翻譯，狀語(yǔ)從句提前翻譯。

　　【譯文】同時(shí)，研究者們也認(rèn)為我們羞于和陌生人隨意交流時(shí)，經(jīng)常是因?yàn)橐环N錯(cuò)位的恐 慌，即他們可能并不像和我們聊天。

　　5.【原文】Asitturnsout, manypeopleareactuallyperfectlywillingtotalk— andmayevenbe flattered to receive your

　　【分析】本句由主句和 as 定語(yǔ)從句構(gòu)成，as 譯為“正如”。本句考點(diǎn)之一在于 flattered， flatter 本意是“奉承、諂媚”，flattered 直接作為形容詞，有“受寵若驚的、感到榮幸的” 的含義。

　　【譯文】正如結(jié)果證實(shí)，很多人實(shí)際上非常愿意去開(kāi)始一段談話，甚至可能很開(kāi)心得到你的注意

　　SectionIII Writing Part A

　　47.Directions：

　　Write an email to all international experts on campus inviting them to attend the graduation ceremony. In your email you should include time, place and other relevant information about theceremony.

　　You should write about 100 words neatly on the ANSEWER SHEET

　　Do not use your own name at the end of the email. Use “Li Ming” instead. (10 points)

　　Suppose you are organizing an online meeting,write an email to Jack,an international student to

　　1.invite him toparticipate

　　2.Tell him about thedetail

　　解析：

　　英語(yǔ)二小作文考查的是電子郵件，屬于書(shū)信類(lèi)型，要求考生寫(xiě)一封邀請(qǐng)信。對(duì)于邀請(qǐng)信， 考生應(yīng)該在審題的時(shí)候弄清楚寫(xiě)信對(duì)象是機(jī)構(gòu)還是個(gè)人，很明顯要求給杰克寫(xiě)信，因此稱(chēng) 呼上就可以直接寫(xiě)Dear Jack。邀請(qǐng)書(shū)信的第一段可以寫(xiě)兩句話：第一句寫(xiě)出即將召開(kāi)一次會(huì)議這個(gè)背景即可;第二句要求寫(xiě)出寫(xiě)信目的，寫(xiě)信目的是第一段最重要的。

　　第二段大概寫(xiě)4句話：第一句寫(xiě)個(gè)主題句。第二句至第四句寫(xiě)關(guān)于這次會(huì)議的具體內(nèi)容， 這部分具體內(nèi)容沒(méi)有硬性要求，可以自己編寫(xiě),比如會(huì)議的主題、會(huì)議的議程和會(huì)議的參加者等等。

　　第三段大概寫(xiě)三句：第一句是再次表明寫(xiě)信目的，即希望對(duì)方能出席會(huì)議，第二句表 示感謝，第三句寫(xiě)期待回復(fù)。正文最后寫(xiě)結(jié)束語(yǔ)和簽名，切記不能寫(xiě)自己的名字，用李明 來(lái)落款。日期可以寫(xiě)也可以不寫(xiě)，建議大家不寫(xiě)日期，如果寫(xiě)日期的話要寫(xiě)在正文的右上角。

　　參考范文：

　　Dear Jack,

　　On behalf of the council of the meeting, I am honorable to inform you there is going to an online meeting next week. I am writing to ask if you are available to participate in this meeting at 10:00 on next Sunday.

　　Some detailed information concerning this meeting can be listed as below. The subject of the meeting, initially, is regarding how to improve students’ study efficiency. To continue, the meeting will last approximately 2 hours, including participants’ speeches, discussion and our president’s summary. More importantly, the meeting will be held via the Internet, so it is necessary for all the participants to prepare for a P.C. or a mobilephone.

　　I sincerely hope that you could give me honor to attend this meeting. Your prompt attention to my email would be highly appreciated. I am looking forward to your response.

　　Yours truly,

　　Li Ming

　　Part B

　　48.Directions：

　　Writeanessaybasedonthechartbelow.Inyourwriting. youshould

　　1)interpret the chart,and

　　2)give your comments.

　　You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)

　　解析：

　　英語(yǔ)二大作文考查的是柱狀圖，看似是動(dòng)態(tài)圖，實(shí)則不能寫(xiě)動(dòng)態(tài)度，而應(yīng)該按照餅狀圖來(lái)描述。英語(yǔ)二大作文可以寫(xiě)題目也可以不寫(xiě)題目。段落結(jié)構(gòu)分三段來(lái)寫(xiě)。第一段大概寫(xiě)3句：第一句寫(xiě)主題句，總體介紹這是一個(gè)什么圖形關(guān)于什么話題，第二句具體描述數(shù)據(jù)， 第三句也是具體描述數(shù)據(jù)。建議把占比例較多的兩個(gè)一起描述，占比例較少的一起描述。

　　第二段寫(xiě)4-5句話：第一句可以寫(xiě)論點(diǎn)句，論點(diǎn)不確定的話也可以不寫(xiě)。第二句寫(xiě)分析 原因之前的過(guò)渡句，這句必須寫(xiě)。第三句分析原因，原因不容易寫(xiě)，可以從體育運(yùn)動(dòng)的好 處來(lái)寫(xiě)。第四句仍然分析原因，可以從人們?yōu)槭裁聪矚g不同方式鍛煉的角度來(lái)分析。

　　第三段寫(xiě)2-3句即可：第一句寫(xiě)結(jié)論句，結(jié)論句不能省略，結(jié)論圍繞運(yùn)動(dòng)來(lái)寫(xiě)即可。第二句寫(xiě)趨勢(shì)預(yù)測(cè)，趨勢(shì)寫(xiě)總體發(fā)展趨勢(shì)即可。第三句寫(xiě)呼吁或者建議。

　　參考范文：

　　As is apparently reflected in the column above, we are informed a survey in terms of various approaches in which residents take sports exercise in a certain city. To be more specific, those taking exercise by themselves or with friends take a lion’s share, accounting for over 90%. By contrast, those who choose to be engaged in physical sports with family members or participate in group activities occupy a minor proportion, making up 23.9% and 13.8% respectively.

　　It is not a difficult job to find out the reasons behind this phenomenon. There is no denying that, to begin with, along with a growing amount of pressure, people increasingly recognize the significance of sports, as a result of which, it is no surprise to see a sports wave in our society. Simultaneously, it is the differentiation of individuals that gives rise to various preferences and inclination towards sports approaches, to the extent that someone would like to take physical exercise alone, others are willing to do sports with friends or family.

　　Based on what has been analyzed above, a conclusion can be drawn safely that taking physical exercise will undoubtedly be good for people’s health no matter whom you do it with together. As a proverb goes, “Go outside and keep moving, you will be much healthier.” Considering the discussion above, it is predicted that there will be more residents participating in sports activities in the forthcomingyear